Category Archives: Custom Elements

Instrument Panel (3)

Progress was made over the holidays by taking advantage of the social distance rules enforced in our area to focus on individual work.

The sub-panel was modified to accept the VPX-Pro electronic circuit breaker box.  Here the raw opening was cut, followed by layout of the rivet and fastener holes for a backing plate.

 

 

 

The final holes for the VPX opening are drilled.  The blue tape shows the future location of the primary and secondary voltage regulators (B&C LR3C-14).  The untreated backing plates on the right picture were clecoed for test fits.

 

 

The backing plates and mounting brackets were prepared for the standard alodine treatment, which consists of scuff, degrease, acid wash, rinse, alodine dip, rinse again and hang to dry.

 

 

 

The alodined ANL fuse/shut brackets are on the left.  At right are the completed brackets painted Boeing 707 Gray and bolted together.  Notice the copper bridge used between the ANL fuse and shunt. The raw bus bar stock of 1/8″ x 1/2″ copper is rated for 250Amps, plenty for this location. The bracket will eventually be mounted on the engine side of the upper firewall.

 

 

The cockpit side of the firewall will mount the GAD29 ARINC Adapter (left) and the GEA24 Engine Monitor devices.  The GEA24 bracket also serves as the mount point for the B&C GB24/48 ground blocks.

 

 

 

Firewall penetrations for the terminal posts were supported by a backing plate. The nylon attachment point will secure the #2 wire from the GB24/48 ground block to the batteries which are located in the rear behind the baggage bulkhead.

 

 

The finished VPX-Pro mounting bracket fits perfectly in the corresponding cutout in the sub-panel (shown above).

 

 

 

The alodined backing plates were clecoed to the sub-panel prior to riveting.  The right photos shows #8 nutplates being riveted onto the inspection port backer.

 

 

 

The inspection port backer riveted in place as seen from in front and behind the sub-panel.

 

 

 

 

A reinforcement plate was fabricated to strengthen the VPX-Pro cutout hole and provide a mounting point for Adel clamps to secure cabling.  On the right the DRDT-2 was used to dimple the dashboard for the panel fan backers.

 

 

The panel fans will be 80mm brushless computer fans with a high cfm ratng.  They are very loud at full power, but speeds will be adjustable for correct cooling by a rheostat on the panel.

 

 

 

The dashboard skin is very thin (.032″) near the handle grips.  To help strengthen this area for routine operations, a fiberglass reinforcement piece will be added.

 

 

 

The primary and secondary circuits from the rear mounted batteries to the firewall terminals use #2 wire.  The terminals are also attached to a cross-tie contactor – the single joint connection point between the two separate buses.  A test fit of a tee-shaped boot shows how the terminal posts will be insulated.

 

 

On the engine side of the firewall the terminal posts connect to the starter contactor with #2 wire, and to the shunts with #6 wire.  The right photos shows the #2 ground wire on the cockpit side bolted to the GEA24 mounting bracket.

 

 

The large #2 battery wires were crimped with a YQK-300 16ton Hydraulic Crimper. At the recommendation of electrical experts in the community the terminal lugs were lightly soldered at the tips just to secure an electrical connection to the wire.  The solder should not wick into the flexible wire area as the heavily crimped section should be cold fused together to prevent penetration. At least that is the theory…

 

 

Completed terminal wires were heat shrink wrapped for insulation and protection.

 

 

 

 

Because the default wire for GTP59 Outside Air Temperature probe arrived too short to reach an appropriate mounting location in the left wing, the default termination to the GSU25 ADAHRS unit needed to be replaced with a longer wire. Prior to the re-pinning effort, the DB15 configuration was photographed.  The extracted J252 Pins 1,2,3 were then replaced with new wire.

 

 

A common termination point for aircraft ground wires near the instrument panel provides a direct, high quality electrical pathway back to the batteries.  In addition, the colocation of labelled wires will help future troubleshooting activities.

 

 

 

The sub-panel inspection port serves a dual function as being the mounting location for the secondary bus fuse block (Bussman 17512-24).   On the completed fuse block ‘dumb’ devices (panel fans, floor lights, overhead lights, etc.) are bench tested with a 14.4V switching power supply. So far, so good.

 

 

 

Next steps are checking wire runs and functions on the main G3X devices and avionics.

Instrument Panel (2)

The last few weeks have focused on fabricating backing plates and mounting brackets for miscellaneous devices related to the instrument panel and dashboard configurations.

The rheostat controlling the rear air vent servo was purchased from AeroSport Products some time ago.  The instrument panel was provided by SteinAir without this unit installed.  However, Nick from SteinAir was kind enough to supply an extra knob exactly like the others on the panel – free of charge.  The post on the AeroSport unit was quite a bit taller than the stock SteinAir units, so shortening was required.  The final outcome looks great.

 

 

Here is a view of the installed air vent rheostat viewed from under the instrument panel.

 

 

 

 

These two pictures show provisional placement of the VPX circuit breaker box and the GAD29 ARINC adapter.  These test locations were used to indicate any last minute interferences and/or cable runs to the units before actually punching holes in the sub-panel or the firewall.

 

 

A 2″ square tube, .063 wall thickness was cut in to on a 1953 vintage Delta 28-207 bandsaw, then used to build a holding cradle for the VPX. Final placement of the unit will be fitted with the dashboard clecoed onto the forward  fuselage assembly. (more pictures on this in a later post).

 

 

Holes in the dashboard for panel fans require reinforcing backers.  The Van’s recommendation is a backing plate at least on inch wide, the same thickness as the original material, and with rivets between no further than 1″ separation and in a row 1/2″ apart.  These plates were designed to meet those specs.

 

 

Once fabricated the panel fan backers were measured for location, then the holes punched accordingly in the upper dashboard.

 

 

 

This picture shows the interim state of both panel fan holes.  Next steps are dimple the parts for 3/32 rivets, alodine the backers, then rivet into place.

 

 

 

The left photo shows the location and holes for the firewall side ground terminal. On the right is the backing plate for the Airwolf remote oil filter.

 

 

 

Here is the final location of the starter contactor, with holes drilled through the firewall. The bolts will serve a dual purpose by fastening the cross-tie contactor on the cockpit side.  The right photo shows the ANL fuse/shunt fixture also in its final location.

 

 

 

SB-0002

Vans just recently issued a service bulletin about checking for cracks in the lower rudder attachment bracket on the vertical stabilizer.  Since my plane is still under construction, I proceeded to remove the original brackets now and replaced with the SB parts.

 

Instrument Panel (1)

The instrument panel arrived from Stein Air this week.  They did an excellent job on the panel cutout, painting, engraving, avionics installation, and wire lacing.  I am thrilled to have this element in-house, as full scale configuration can now proceed on the dashboard and firewall.

Unpacking the shipment crate…

 

 

 

 

This design is fairly simple, intended for a low-time pilot like me.  The G3X system has two 10″ displays with more information available than ever possible with steam gauges. This airplane has a complete glass cockpit, which includes a dual battery, dual bus electrical system with independent alternators and a cross-tie switch.  The G5 provides basic redundancy and power separated from the main flight displays.  One Surefly SIM6L electronic ignition will complement the standard Slick magneto.

 

Maybe too many rocker switches were installed, since most functions could be activated from the touch screen displays.  However, I like tactile devices for better feel and certainty in rough/bumpy conditions.  The normal shutdown sequence will be from right-to-left.  Rheostats provide variable power to various lights, fans and vents.

 

 

The right panel has an ELT remote switch (to be installed), CO alarm for carbon monoxide monitoring, and a toggle switch for an alternate static air source. There are also two USB charging units on the panel, plus a 1/2″ drilled hole for later mounting of an iPad or iPhone.

 

 

 

The intermediate sub-panel on the dashboard is approximately 9″ behind the main panel.  Unfortunately, the GNC355 GPS and GNC 255 communications modules are deeper.  This required cutting out the sub-panel to accommodate the depth of the avionics.  Fortunately I had created a 3D model which laid out the orientation.  As a result he structural angled rib did not need relief.

 

 

Next on the TODO list are reinforce the openings, then build mounting brackets for the VPX Pro electronic circuit breaker, GEA 24 engine monitoring system, GAD 29 ARINC adapter, and cross-tie contactor.  The CO detector unit and the two B&C LR3C voltage regulators will be mounted flat on existing panel surfaces.  All these locations were simulated on the 3D CAD model, for which I will provide details in a later post.

 

Prime/Paint (1)

Now that many of the main components have been built, the next steps are prime and paint before final assembly.  The tail section and smaller removable parts were the initial targets for this activity.  I have been priming interior parts throughout the entire build, but this was my first experience with PPG CA7504 primer.  The decision was made to switch to this product, which is specifically designed for airplanes.  This primer is formulated with the elastomers, fillers and other ingredients for the flexibility needed to withstand rapid temperature changes, as compared to general automotive paints. This primer used in conjunction with PPG Aerospace topcoats prevents cracking, improves surface adhesion, and helps the mechanical characteristics of the paint layer.

The effort needed for painting takes considerable time, but is really not worthy of new posts.  I intend to prime all exterior components, then seek assistance from someone to spray the final topcoats.  I can perform the drudge work of preparations due to the time/cost involved, but am not confident enough to shoot a smooth, final surface. We shall see how this strategy goes.

 

The general steps of surface preparation, mixing and spraying are the same as the previously used on interior parts using automotive PPG DP40LF primer. The new material requires greater attention to mixing ratios, measuring induction time with a Zahn #2 viscosity cup (15-18 seconds) prior to application, and modifying the application technique.

 

 

Wing tips, rudder caps, and empennage parts were in the first batch.  The outcome of the initial session were very poor, with runs and fisheyes.  Subsequent attempts after sanding smooth and more rigorous surface preparations were much better.  Additional filters were installed in the pneumatic air lines, and the lines were thoroughly purged of water and debris. Plus using higher quality Techline gun for better atomization and holding the gun further from the surface seemed to help. A few cycles of spray practice on the first batch have improved my technique to eventually yield good results.

 

Preparation steps include using a maroon (=320 grit)  Scotch Brite pad in a palm sander to scuff the surface, clean with degreaser, condition with Prekote, then apply primer.

 

 

 

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The second batch on rudder and trim tabs worked out well with only one application session.  Next up are elevators, ailerons, flaps and the horizontal stabilizer.  The wings and fuselage will be last. More updates will be forthcoming when significant progress is made.

 

 

Rudder (close-up and after second prime)(October)

 

 

 

 

Ailerons (before and after priming)(October).

 

 

 

 

Elevators (October)

 

 

 

 

Oil door opening (November)

 

 

 

Oil door cover (November)

 

 

 

 

Flaps (November)

 

 

 

 

Horizontal Stabilizer – tip (November)

 

 

 

 

Horizontal Stabilizer (November)

 

 

 

 

 

COWL HINGES

The upper and lower engine cowlings are attached to the firewall with 1/8″ PIANO HINGE.  The initial sides and bottom pieces are shown.

Fabricated parts ready for fitting.  The right photo shows the initial layout, then match drilling occurs next.

 

 

 

 

Hand squeezing the side rivets was not so easy.  The angle of the firewall-to-side and interference with the squeezer head was an issue.  An number of rivets were later redone with a pneumatic jaw-type squeezer.

 

 

 

Final results were not great, but acceptable.

 

Transparencies and Miscellaneous

The Lexan/Plexiglass transparencies used for the rear and door windows were bonded with Lord 7475A/D two-part epoxy adhesive.  These parts were trimmed to size and smooth sanded in prior posts.

Electrical tape provided protection on the rear windows during roughing the inner surface with 120 grit sandpaper to enhance adhesion.  Then the window frames were taped so excess adhesive could be easily removed.

 

 

Shims in the form of AN960-10 and AN960-10L washers were placed to bring the window surface to level to -.010 inch of the canopy. This helps with the physical holding of the window, plus will allow for later blending with filler to a smooth transition.

 

 

The bonding process was a bit scary – only one shot to get it right.  The reason is the Lord adhesive cures very quickly and is extremely difficult to remove after it sets. Fortunately the rear windows turned out fine.

 

 

The same method described above was used on the door windows.  Straps and clamps hold the windows tight to the frame while the adhesive cures.

 

 

 

 

GMU MOUNT BRACKET

Previously a mounting bracket for the Garmin GMU 22 magnetometer was fabricated for placement in the mid-tail section. The angle of the bracket should be as close to zero degrees level with the fuselage waterline during flight as possible.  It was determined with a digital protractor that the bracket needed to be adjusted about 1.8 degrees down to meet this requirement.

The bracket was constructed so that brass screws adjust the tilt angle of the magnetometer platform to the flight waterline.  More on that adjustment in a later post. Here the GMU bracket is positioned along the plane centerline

 

 

 

The GMU bracket seen from above and below after priming from the hole drilling.  Note the use of brass screws and stop nuts.  According to vendor specifications, any magnetic components should be at least 2-3 feet from the magnetometer. The location of the bracket in the tail should achieve this goal.

 

 

These pictures are the final fit of the GMU bracket to the custom platform.

 

Empennage Attach (6) and Custom Elements

The latest steps were in completing elements of the empennage attachment sequence. All the actions were of an interim nature, further posts on all elements will follow.

The last hole in the longeron at the rear of the vertical stabilizer required a nutplate install. The rudder had to be off to access the rivets.

 

 

 

Then install the rudder to test fit the cable linkages. The default lengths  in the plans of 1″ on for aft pedal and 2.25″ on the forward pedal did not align the rudder to neutral.  Further adjustments were required.

 

 

FLAP POSITION SENSOR

According to literature, many folks recommend using a Ray Allen POS-12 position sensor instead of the default AirWard configuration. A bracket was made earlier for the sensor, then a provisional lever mounted to a 2-piece collar clamp was used to test the throw length and hinge positions.

 

STATIC LINES

A custom bulkhead configuration of 3/4 rubber grommet, then a push-to-connect pneumatic fitting connected to NPT-AN4 adapter was made for the forward 1/4″ Verstube termination.

 

 

 

The static tube pulled through the cable runs was aluminum instead of plastic.  I wanted to ensure this would never require a replacement after the plane is finished.

 

 

A similar fitting configuration was used in the rear for a permanent attachment.  A custom mounting bracket uses the existing lighting hole as a pass-through. Standoffs will hold the plastic lines from the external static ports.

 

 

The aluminum tube was run up the bulkhead rear.  It is fastened with 1/4″ diameter Adel clamps and will be terminated at the push-to-connect tee.

 

 

 

The final configuration still needs to be tested with soapy water for minor leaks.  However, once tested, the ‘home run’ of aluminum tube through the mid-fuselage should never require additional maintenance (at least that is the intention).

 

 

 

EMPENNAGE FAIRING

Finally the gaps between the raw empennage fairing and the horizontal stabilizer were removed with SuperFil.

Bottom Wing Skins (2)

A series of miscellaneous activities were performed on the wings in the last few weeks.  This work was staged before any final riveting the bottom skins, as access is so much easier with the skins still off.

The quickbuild wings come with a main wiring channel in each wing. These roughly 5/8″ diameter hole have nylon inserts and are intended by Vans for the wingtip wire bundles.  Because of added electronics for heated pitot, aileron trim, autopilot servo, and the like, I wanted addition channels (thus the custom wire brackets from previous posts).  I also wanted dedicated grounding lines to the wingtips, so additional channels were created.  Here a template is used for reproducing the hole placement in the wing ribs.

 

 

Once measured, the 7/16″ holes are punched and then drilled with an angle head holding threaded bits.

 

 

 

The final configuration of each wing has three available channels, two through the ribs and one wiring chase attached to the custom brackets.  For the left wing, the 1/4″ soft aluminum tubes for the pitot and angle-of-attack (AOA) indicator will be fed through the larger of the runs through the ribs.

 

 

 

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PITOT MAST

A Gretz mount for a Garmin heated pitot needed to be crafted in the second from tip rib bay.  This location is further outboard from the Vans plans, but allows greater access for maintenance and adjusted once the bottom skin is attached.  On the left a backing plate is clecoed in place to mark the skin for a through-hole.

 

 

A sheet metal bending brake formed another  bracket for between the rib and the pitot mast backing plate.  The right photo shows the bracket clamped prior to drilling through the rib.

 

 

 

Here the #8 screw nut plates are attached to the pitot mast.

 

 

 

 

Two different views of the pitot mast – clecoed in the final position and showing in relation to the modified skin.

 

 

 

 

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MISCELLANOUS ACTIONS

Rich visited for two weeks to help with flap gap riveting, inspection port assembly and other miscellaneous activities.  We used CherryMax rivets of type CR3212-4-6 countersunk (qty. 6), and CR3213-4-2 (qty. 14) and CR3213-4-3 (qty. 6) round head rivets on the inner flap gap openings of each wing.

 

 

 

The wing bottoms were treated with SEM Self-etch primer from a rattle can prior to having the inspection port nut plates attached.

 

 

 

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AILERON ACTUATION

To properly locate the spring attachment points on the aileron push rods, the actuation levers and torque tubes must be installed and the rod oriented in a neutral position. More on that in  later posts.

Custom Wire Brackets

The default wire channels from Vans do not include provisions for additional devices I will be installing in the plane (auto pilot servos, heated pitot mast,  aileron trim servo, dedicated grounding wires, …).  In addition a nylon conduit would allow easier future maintenance than the holes through the ribs.

A series of custom wire brackets were fabricated from 1/16″x 1″ x 1.25″ angle aluminum. The band saw fence was setup to cut raw brackets the same width.

 

 

 

 

Here they are, one for each wing rib to span.

 

 

 

 

Next use a jig on the drill press to accurately reproduce the hole pattern for each bracket.

 

 

 

 

Cut, drilled, prepped, primed, and ready to assemble.  The 5/8″ nylon conduit will later be cable laced to the holders.  Zip ties could be used, but I prefer the endurance and flexibility of the cable lace.

 

 

 

Here is a through shot of the conduit run laid out with string. Then installation begins…

 

 

 

 

As with many of these operations on the wing, having the bottom skin still off makes everything so much easier.

Overhead Console (2)

Bonding the overhead console and painting the canopy interior were completed over the holidays.

Lord 7545A/E two part epoxy adhesive is combined through a static mixer tube with 21 cross-linking elements, then spread generously along the flanged edge of the Aerosport Products carbon-fiber overhead console

 

 

Clecoes, weights, spring clamps and sandbags are used to hold the console in place while the adhesive drys.  Some folks have performed this operation with the canopy already on the plane, but doing it with the canopy overturned allows gravity to be my friend.

 

 

After 24 hours of cure time, the Lord adhesive has finished bonding the surfaces together. Next is blending the overhead flange into the canopy interior surface.  Multiple layers of Super-Fil are applied and sanded until the transition between parts is invisible.  Layers of Poly Fiber Smooth Prime are rollered onto all the fiberglass surfaces.

 

 

The Smooth Prime is sanded in final preparation of priming/painting the canopy interior.  The standard PPG DP48LP Primer and DCC Concept paint will be applied as with all the other interior components.

 

 

 

Staged, degreased, and ready for treatment in Tal’s paint booth.

 

 

 

 

And here are the outcomes after two coats of primer and one coat of paint.  I think these turned out very well.

 

Overhead Console

The focus for this week was modifying the AeroSport overhead console for vents, lights and switches prior to installation in the canopy.

Holes 2″ diameter for the air vents were cut into the template locations of the carbon fiber using a modified hole saw.  The outer teeth of the circular bit were filed down to provide an exact diameter.

 

 

 

Alignment of the LED light bases and ON/OFF switches for the rear seats were marked on masking tape, then drilled to fit.

 

 

 

 

The right photo shows the final placement for the rear fixtures. The left photo includes the custom GPS antenna cover plate previously fabricated.

 

 

 

The Aveo EyeBeam Touch located in the forward part of the console differs from the simple red LED lights installed in the rear.  It has adjustable intensity and can deliver either white or red light.

 

 

 

Nutplates were installed on a backer. The combined unit was then glued to the center rear of the console with resin.  This fixture will later secure a 3.5″ stainless handle to function as a cloths hangar for the baggage compartment.

 

 

Next actions are create a cover plate at the very front near the center bar, then attach permanently to the canopy.